VPLS uses Control Words (CW) for packet fragmentation and reassembly in RouterOS, adding 4-byte overhead to handle L2MTU limitations. CW fields include flags, fragmentation indicators, length, and sequence numbers for packet tracking, with usage controlled by the `use-control-word` parameter.
This page explains the EXP bit in MPLS packets and how RouterOS handles it for QoS, including priority marking, queuing strategies, and MPLS mangle rules. It details how EXP bits are treated during packet switching, penultimate-hop popping, and local processing, along with examples for configuring MPLS mangle rules in RouterOS.
This page introduces MikroTik RouterOS's Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) for establishing IPv4/IPv6 Label Switched Paths (LSPs), detailing prerequisites like loopback IP addresses and IP connectivity, along with an example setup for four routers.
MPLS is a routing technology that uses labels for faster packet forwarding instead of IP header analysis, with RouterOS supporting MPLS switching, LDP/RSVP-TE protocols, VPLS, and MP-BGP VPNs while excluding certain LDP/TE features.